It is piped into retail shops, airports, and train stations. The findings from a fourth study suggest that preferences for the MUSIC factors are affected by both the social and auditory characteristics of the music. We have interpreted and labeled these factors as: 1) a Mellow factor comprising smooth and relaxing styles 2) an Urban factor defined largely by rhythmic and percussive music, such as is found in rap, funk, and acid jazz 3) a Sophisticated factor that includes classical, operatic, world, and jazz 4) an Intense factor defined by loud, forceful, and energetic music and 5) a Campestral factor comprising a variety of different styles of direct, and rootsy music such as is often found in country and singer-songwriter genres. The findings from three independent studies converged to suggest that there exists a latent five-factor structure underlying music preferences that is genre-free, and reflects primarily emotional/affective responses to music. Here, we introduce a model of musical preferences based on listeners’ affective reactions to excerpts of music from a wide variety of musical genres. Individuals demonstrate manifestly different preferences in music, and yet relatively little is known about the underlying structure of those preferences. Music is a cross-cultural universal, a ubiquitous activity found in every known human culture.
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